Retention apparatus and method for stabilizing concrete forms

ABSTRACT

Presented is an apparatus for stabilizing the form boards or members that define a cavity to receive wet concrete. The apparatus includes metal stakes having two sets of through-bores. The through-bores of one set are perpendicular to the through-bores of the other set and are spaced intermediately thereof. The stakes are driven into the ground in parallel pairs on opposite sides of the form boards. Nails are driven through one set of through-bores to attach the form boards to the stakes. A retention nail is slidably supported in a bore of the other set of bores so that it lies parallel to the form boards and above the top edges of the form boards. An elongated retention plate extends transversely above the form boards and opposite ends are detachably engaged to the nails that lie parallel to the form boards so as to prevent the form boards from displacing the stakes outwardly by the force exerted by the wet concrete. After the concrete sets or hardens, the retention plate is easily removed to enable removal of the stakes for reuse and dismantling of the form boards.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to concrete forms, and particularly to apparatusfor retaining the concrete forms in their appropriate and selectedspacing during the interval that wet concrete is being poured betweenthe spaced forms and until the wet concrete sets or hardens. Morespecifically, the invention relates to a special type of stake to bedriven into the ground in association with the form boards and providingmeans including a transversely extending retention plate detachablysecured to the stakes to retain the concrete forms against spreading asa result of the pouring of concrete between the form boards.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

A preliminary patentability and novelty search has revealed theexistence of the following U.S. patents:

920,787 1,082,470 1,279,059 1,472,018 1,635,093 1,814,521 1,897,5301,922,584 2,298,837 2,313,880 2,356,309 2,635,320 2,661,516 2,663,9252,731,700 2,745,165 2,793,416 2,795,836 2,894,307 3,057,269 3,256,6553,256,659 3,288,426 3,596,420 3,788,020 4,012,159 4,202,145 4,229,9204,579,312 4,595,168 4,712,764 4,776,555 4,824,068 5,154,837 5,464,680

Reviewing the patents listed above, it will be apparent that the problemof maintaining the stability of the spaced apart form boards betweenwhich wet concrete is poured for both slabs and stem foundations hasbeen a problem that has plagued the building industry for many years.The patents indicated above, particularly U.S. Pat. No. 920,787 issuedMay 4, 1909 indicates that the problem has been in existence for almosta full century, and the probability exists that the problem existed evenbefore May 4, 1909.

Concrete foundations for buildings, particularly the so-called stemfoundation upon which a mud-sill is provided as a base for floor joists,are usually formed by pouring wet concrete between latterly spaced formboards or form members that must be space a specific distance apart toprovide the space between which the concrete is poured. In someinstances, an attempt is made to stabilize the lateral spacing of theform boards providing a trench within which the lower edges of the formboards are placed against the sidewalls of the trench. In this type ofconstruction, it is common practice in the building industry,particularly in one-story and two-story homes, to stabilize the upperexposed edges of the spaced form boards by nailing a wooden cleat acrossthe upper edges of the form boards. One difficulty with this method ofconstruction is that the wooden cleats are frequently split by the nailsthat are driven into them, or are split subsequent to the placement ofthe nails under the pressure of concrete tending to push the form boardsapart. Accordingly, it is one of the objects of the present invention toprovide a form board stabilizing apparatus that prevents the upperexposed edges of the form boards and the lower edges thereof fromspreading apart when concrete is poured between them whether or not thelower edges of the form boards are deposited in a trench.

Another problem that must be addressed in the placement of form boards,is exactitude of the spacing between the boards and the facility withwhich the form boards may be removed from the concrete foundation afterthe concrete has set sufficiently to maintain its own stability.Accordingly, it is another object of the present invention to provide aform board stabilizing apparatus that provides exactitude in the spacingof the form boards, and may easily be removed once the concrete has setsufficiently to maintain its own stability.

It frequently happens that in the formation or construction of forms forthe pouring of concrete, the form boards are not always parallel or atthe same level. Thus, in some foundations, the concrete must be thickerat some places than it is at others, thus necessitating an adjustment ofthe apparatus that retains the form boards at their proper spacing.Accordingly, another object of the present invention is the provision ofa form board stabilizing apparatus that includes a transverse retentionplate that is adjustable in length to accommodate variations in thespacing of the form boards.

It will be seen from the disclosures of the patents listed above, thatin some instances, the retention members that are intended to preventthe form boards from spreading apart at their upper edges upon thepouring of wet concrete between the form boards may be easily displacedso as to fail in their function of retaining the upper edges at theproper spacing. This problem generally occurs because there isinsufficient means between the transversely extending plate and thevertical stakes that retain the form boards spaced apart and to whichthe transverse plate is attached. Accordingly, a still further object ofthe invention is the provision of a transverse retention plate that isconfigured to detachably engage a retention member that is itselfdetachably secured in the stake that is driven into the ground along theoutside surfaces of the form boards.

The invention possesses other objects and features of advantage, some ofwhich, with the foregoing, will be apparent from the followingdescription and the drawings. It is to be understood however that theinvention is not limited to the embodiment illustrated and describedsince it may be embodied in various forms within the scope of theappended claims.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In terms of broad inclusion, the form board stabilizing apparatus of theinvention comprises a specially designed stake that is driven into theground to provide a lateral limit of spacing of the form boards and atransversely extending plate or bar that engages detachably with thestakes so as to retain the upper edges of the form boards at the properspacing. Additionally, to maintain the vertical relationship of thestakes, means are provided to detachably fasten the stakes to theassociated form boards by means that may easily be removed so as todetach the stakes from the associated form boards. More specifically,the stakes that are driven into the ground are provided along theirlength with spaced bores that extend at right angles to each other sothat in one direction, nails may be inserted through the bores in thestake and driven into the associated form boards, and in the other boresthat extend 90° to the bores that retain nails to be driven into theform boards, elongated pins or nails may be extended through suchtransverse bores which normally lie parallel to the form boards, andextend on opposite sides of the stake to provide a means to which aretention plate may be detachably secured. With two stakes spaced apartto retain the form boards at the proper spacing, a retention bar isextended perpendicularly to the form boards with the ends thereofcooperating with the stakes and the longitudinally extending pins ornails so as to detachably inter-engage the opposite ends of thetransverse bar with the associated opposed stakes and thus provide ameans for retaining the upper edges of the form boards at their properselected spacing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of one of the stakes of the apparatusof my invention.

FIG. 2 is a horizontal cross-sectional view taken in the plane indicatedby the line 2—2 in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a horizontal cross-sectional view taken in the plane indicatedby the line 3—3 in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a top plan view of one embodiment of the retention bar thatextends transversely across the top edges of the form boards and adaptedto be detachably secured to the opposing stakes.

FIG. 5 is an end elevational view taken in the direction indicated bythe arrows 5—5 in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a side elevational edge view of the retention plate taken inthe direction of the arrows on the line 6—6 in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6(A) is a side elevational edge view of a second embodiment of theretention bar illustrated in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.

FIG. 6B is a fragmentary enlarged cross-sectional view of themid-portion of the retention bar illustrated in FIG. 6A and illustratingthe transverse lands and grooves that inter-engage when the end portionsof the structure are overlapped and bolted as in FIG. 6A.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the application of the formboard retention apparatus assembled in position of use in associationwith a set of latterly spaced form boards.

FIG. 8 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating the detachableattachment of the retention plate of FIG. 4 to an associated stake bymeans of a nail extending through a bore.

FIG. 9 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating a secondembodiment of the retention plate and the manner of detachable yetsecure attachment of the retention plate to an associated stake.

FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view through a conventional formboard assembly in which the form boards are an extension of a trenchformed in the ground and into which and between the form boards ispoured the wet concrete.

FIG. 11 is a side elevational view of the structure illustrated in FIG.10.

FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view through a conventional formboard assembly in which the form boards are deposited into the bottom ofa trench and then retained in position by vertical stakes and atransverse extending retention plate or bar in the manner illustrated inFIG. 9.

FIG. 13 is a fragmentary elevational view partly in vertical sectiontaken in the plane indicated by the line 13—13 in FIG. 12.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In terms of greater detail, the concrete form retention andstabilization apparatus of the invention comprises a plurality ofelongated stakes each designated generally by the numeral 2 and eachhaving a determinant length required by the depth of the stem foundationto be poured and the height of the form members that define the spacewithin which wet concrete is to be poured. Thus, the stakes 2 may be twofeet long, or three feet long or four feet long, or any lengththerebetween, depending on the depth to which they must be driven intothe ground to achieve vertical stability of the stakes and the formmember(s) against laterally imposed forces by the wet concrete and theheight of the form members above ground. Each of the stakes ispreferably formed from metal, such as soft rolled steel, and is providedat one end with a conical point portion designated generally by thenumeral 3 that includes a diametric dimension at 4 that merges with thediametric dimension of the stake body and a point 6 spaced therefromthat constitutes the bottom end of the elongated stake. At its top end7, opposite the point 6, the stake is provided with a tapered head 8 thesmall diameter of which merges with the stake body and the largediameter of which defined by the periphery 9 is larger than the diameterof the stake to facilitate driving of the stake into the ground with anappropriate tool (not shown) such as a sledge hammer.

Intermediate the bottom point 6 and the top end 7, the stake is providedwith a first set of a multiplicity of diametrically transverse bores 12generally equally spaced along the length of the stake at intervals ofapproximately two inches. A second set of diametrically transverse bores13 are generally equally spaced along the stake at two inch intervalsbetween the set of transverse bores 12 but these bores 13 extenddiametrically through the body of the stake perpendicularly to the bores12 for a reason which will hereinafter be explained.

Forms for the formation from concrete of stem foundations having somespecific height above the ground are frequently formed from elongatedwooden planks 14 each having a top edge 16, a bottom edge 17, an insideface 18 and an outside face 19. These wooden planks may be individualplanks, as illustrated in the drawings, or they may be multiple planksstacked edge-to-edge one upon another. In either case, the planks mustbe supported by some means on their outside surfaces 19 to prevent theplanks from spreading apart when concrete is poured in the space 21(FIG. 7) between the planks. In some instances, as illustrated in FIG.10, the bottom edges 17 of the planks are supported on the surface 22 ofthe ground designated generally by the numeral 23, while in otherinstances, as illustrated in FIG. 12, the form members 14 extend belowthe surface of the ground and to at least some extent the ground helpsto prevent the bottom edge portions of the form members from spreadingapart. However, in either case, it is necessary to drive the stakes 2into the ground so that the outer periphery of each stake abuts theoutside surface 19 of the form members, and to a sufficient depth thatthe lower end portion of the stakes provide added resistance toseparation of the form members when concrete is poured between them.

Referring to FIGS. 10, 11 and 12, when this relationship between theouter periphery of each of the stakes and the outer surface 19 of theform members (boards or planks) is achieved, nails 24, preferably thedouble-headed type as illustrated, are driven through the bores 13 andinto the associated form members 14 to retain the form membersdetachably secured to the associated stakes. With the stakes detachablysecured to the form members in this manner, the longitudinal axis ofeach of the transversely extending bores 12 extends perpendicular to thelongitudinal axis of each of the bores 13 and are spaced intermediatetherebetween with the longitudinal axis of each of the bores 12extending parallel to the outside surface 19 of the associated formmember. This special relationship of the bores 12 and 13 to the outsidesurface 19 of the form members enables the detachable insertion of aretention nail 26 through a selected one of the bores 12 the axis ofwhich lies parallel to the outside surface 19 of the associated formmember and above the top edge 16 of the form member as illustrated inFIGS. 7, 10, 11 and 12. This results in the retention nail 26 extendingparallel to the top edge 16 of the form member and spaced from the outersurface 19 of the form member a distance of approximately one-half thediameter of the stake less one-half the diameter of the retention nail.Additionally, as illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9, the length of theretention nail 26 is selected so that when it is inserted through thebore 12, end portions 27 and 28 of the retention nail 26 projectapproximately the same distance on opposite sides of the stake. Aconvenient diameter for the stake is ¾″ with the bores 12 and 13 beingapproximately ⅛″ to 3/16″ in diameter and the retention nail 26 beingabout 3″ in length so that opposite end portions 27 and 28 of theretention nail 26 project approximately one inch from the stake onopposite sides thereof for a purpose which will hereinafter beexplained.

The purpose of having the bores 12 extend parallel to the outsidesurface 19 of the form members when the stakes are driven into theground is to enable snug but slidable placement of the retention nail 26in a selected bore 12 so that it too is parallel to the outside surface19 of the form members and spaced above the top edges 16 thereof asillustrated so that an elongated retention plate or retention bardesignated generally by the numeral 31 may be placed to extendtransversely above and across the upper edges 16 of the form members andhave its opposite ends detachably secured to the associated retentionnails 26 that extend through the associated and opposed pair of stakes 2driven into the ground so that they impinge on the outside surfaces 19of the opposed form members 14. With the retention plate or bar 31 thusdetachably engaged to the retention nails 26 slidably disposed in bores12 in opposed stakes 2 as illustrated in FIGS. 7–12, and with nailsdriven through the bores 13 and into the associated surface and body ofthe form member impinging on a stake, it will be understood that theform members are retained spaced apart a designated distance when wetconcrete is poured into the space between the form members and exerts anoutward force on the form members because the retention plates or bars31 are strong enough to withstand the outward exerted force imposed bythe wet concrete on the inner surfaces 18 of the form members.

Referring to FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7, it will be seen that the retentionplate or bar designated generally by the numeral 31 comprises anelongated member having a length that corresponds cooperatively with theselected spacing of the form members, which themselves are spaced aparta distance that corresponds to the thickness of the stem foundation asspecified in the building plans pertaining to a particular job. Itshould be understood therefore that these retention plates or bars 31might be of different lengths for different jobs or might be ofdifferent lengths on different portions of the same job where it isnecessary to provide a variance in the thickness of the stem foundation.The retention plate or bar 31 illustrated in FIGS. 4–8 is fabricatedfrom metal, preferably sheet steel, and includes a body 32 having awidth of approximately 2″ and a length of approximately 13″. Thesedimensions are of course convenient for a particular job and are not tobe considered imperative for all retention bars 31, which can of coursebe of various lengths. At each opposite end of the elongated retentionplate or bar, the sheet steel end portions are provided with asemi-circular recess or aperture 33 having a diameter of approximately¾″ which forms the inner end of a slot 34 formed in each of the endportions to provide two bifurcated or laterally spaced anchor members36, both of which are bent perpendicularly to the main body of theretention plate or bar along the diameter of the aperture 33 to providea pair of laterally spaced anchor members 36 that extend perpendicularto the plane of the main body portion 32.

This construction is illustrated in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 apart from otherstructure, is shown applied to stakes 2 and form members in FIGS. 7, 10and 11, and is shown in FIG. 8 applied to a stake 2 by engagement of theanchor members 36 with the retention nail 26 but apart from otherstructure in the interest of clarity. It will thus be seen from FIG. 8that when the anchor members 36 engage the retention nail 26, theperiphery of the semi-circular recess or aperture 33 abuts or liesclosely adjacent to the outer periphery of the stake 2, thus detachablyengaging the end of the retention bar and the stake through theinter-engagement of the retention nail 26 with the stake 2 bypenetration by the retention nail of the bore 12 and inter-engagementwith the retention plate or bar by detachable engagement of the anchormembers 36 with the end portions 27 and 28 of the retention nail 26. Itwill of course be understood that all that is required to effectdisengagement of the assembly after the concrete between the formmembers hardens, is to pull the retention nail from the bore 12,whereupon the retention plate is released from the stake 2. Thereafter,assuming the concrete has hardened sufficiently, the double-headed nailsthat extend through the bores 13 may be pulled out so as to separate theform members from the stakes, whereupon the stakes and form members maybe removed from the stem foundation, cleaned of concrete debri and usedon another job.

A second embodiment of the retention plate or bar 31 is illustrated inFIGS. 9, 12 and 13, where the retention plate or bar is designated inthese views generally by the numeral 37 and is provided with asemi-circular recess or aperture 38 as before and with perpendicularlyextending spaced anchor members 39 that define a slot and that areintegral with the retention plate 37 and preferably fabricated fromsheet steel. The primary difference in this structure from thatillustrated in FIGS. 4–6 is that the anchor members 39 are formed attheir integral union 41 with the retention plate with reentrant portions42 that curve partially about the periphery of the retention nail anchorportions 27 and 28 so as to provide a resilient interlockingrelationship between the anchor members 39 and the retention nail endportions 27 and 28. The advantage of this construction is that theretention plate or bar 37 of this embodiment is less likely to beinadvertently disengaged from its detachable engagement with theretention nail end portions 27 and 28 whereas in the previouslydescribed embodiment of FIGS. 4–8 in which the reentrant feature isomitted, the only force retaining the retention plate or bar againstinadvertent disengagement is the frictional resistance that existsbetween the anchor members 36 and the associated retention nail 26.

Referring to FIGS. 6(A) and 6(B), there is there illustrated a thirdembodiment of the retention plate or bar 31 illustrated in FIGS. 4–6 andFIGS. 9, 12 and 13. It is reasoned that some jobs will require that theretention plate or bar be of some unusual or indefinite length toproperly detachably engage the retention nail 26 slidably disposed inthe bore 12 of the stakes 2. It is therefore an advantage that theretention plate or bar designated generally by the numeral 43illustrated in FIGS. 6(A) and 6(B) possess the capability of beingshortened or lengthened to meet the needs of a specific job. To thatend, the retention plate or bar 43 is fabricated as an assembly thatincludes a two-part body formed by mutually reaching or extending platemembers 44 and 46 having overlapping proximate end portions 47 and 48,respectively. As seen in FIG. (6A) the overlapped proximate end portionsare provided with transverse apertures 49 and 51, respectively, whichmay be aligned to adjust the length of the overall assembly and theretained in adjusted position by the placement of a threaded bolt 52through the aligned holes. A nut 53 threaded onto the threaded boltfollowing its placement retains the assembly in its adjusted length. Thedistal end portions 54 and 56, respectively, of the overlapped endportions 47 and 48, are formed with the identical type of recesses orapertures (38) illustrated in FIG. 9 described above. In like manner,the same type of reentrant portion (42) and downwardly extending anchormembers 39 illustrated and described in connection with FIG. 9 areprovided in the two-part retention plate or bar 43 illustrated in FIG.6(A). In the interest of brevity in this description the same referencenumbers that have been applied to the identical structure of FIG. 9 areapplied to the distal end portions of the retention plate or bar 43illustrated in FIG. 6(A).

Wet concrete that is poured into the space between the form membersexerts considerable force against the form members, tending to separatethem and this force must be opposed by the transversely extendingretention plate or bar detachably secured at opposite ends to theretention nails projecting through the stakes. To resist the transverseforce imposed by the wet concrete, the opposing and contiguous surfacesof the overlapped portions of the two-part retention plate or bar may beprovided with transversely extending opposed interlocking grooves orchannels 57 and lands or ribs 58 formed into the opposing surfaces ofthe overlapped proximate end portions 47 and 48 of the retention plateor bar 43 illustrated in FIG. 6(A) as seen in FIG. 6(B). A inglethreaded bolt inserted into aligned holes formed in the overlappedportions and secured by a threaded nut will adequately retain theretention plate or bar from elongating as a result of the force exertedby wet concrete. Referring to FIG. 6(B) while holes 49 have beenillustrated and described, it should be understood that in theembodiment of FIG. 6(B) longitudinal corresponding slots (not shown)could be formed in the end portions 46 and 47 through which the bolt 52could be inserted and the nut 53 applied so as to inter-engage thegrooves 57 and ribs 58 to retain the retention bar at the selectedlength. Under these conditions, it should be understood that the groovesand ribs would inter-engage and resist the force applied by the wetconcrete with no shear force applied to the bolt.

Having thus described the invention, what is believed to be new andnovel and sought to be protected by letters patent of the United Statesis as defined in the claims that follow.

1. A retention apparatus for stabilizing laterally spaced first and second form members defining a cavity for receiving concrete therein and arranged on a supporting surface such as the ground to define said cavity prior to and during the pouring of the concrete and for supporting the wet concrete contained in said cavity for an indeterminate interval following the pouring of the wet concrete, said form members having inside surfaces defining said cavity and confining said concrete and outside surfaces, said retention apparatus comprising: a) a first elongated metallic stake having a head at one end and a point at the opposite end and adapted to be embedded over an indeterminate length in said supporting surface with an intermediate portion of said elongated stake abutting the outside surface of a first associated form member; b) a second elongated metallic stake having a head at one end and a point at the opposite end and adapted to be embedded over an indeterminate length in said supporting surface on the opposite side of said cavity from said first elongated metallic stake, said second elongated metallic stake having an intermediate portion abutting the outside surface of said second form member; c) a first set of a multiplicity of through-bores in each of said first and second elongated stakes, said through-bores of said first set in each elongated stake being spaced along said elongated stake and extending through said stake perpendicular to the outside surface of the associated form board abutted by the intermediate portion of each elongated stake; d) a second set of a multiplicity of through-bores in each of said first and second elongated stakes, said through-bores of said second set being spaced along said elongated stake intermediate the through-bores of said first set of multiple through-bores and extending parallel to the outside surface of the associated form member abutted by the intermediate portion of each elongated stake and extending perpendicular to the associated first set of multiple through-bores; e) a nail for driving through each of a selected number of through-bores of said first set of multiple through-bores in each of said first and second elongated stakes and into the associated abutting form member to detachably attach said form members to the associated abutting stakes; f) a nail slidably and detachably disposed in a selected one of said second set of a multiplicity of through-bores in each of said first and second elongated stakes so that the nail in each stake lies parallel to the nail in the opposite stake and parallel to the outside surface of the associated form member, each nail in each stake including projecting end portions thereof that extend in opposite directions on opposite sides of said elongated stake in which it is detachably supported; and g) means extending transversely across and above said form members and detachably engaged at opposite ends to said projecting end portions of said nails that extend in opposite directions on opposite sides of said stakes and which nails are slidably and detachably disposed in said elongated stakes on opposite sides of said form members.
 2. The retention apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said elongated stakes are transversely parallel to one another and abut the outside surfaces of confronting form members.
 3. The retention apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said stakes may range in length from approximately 1½ feet to approximately 4 feet.
 4. The retention apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each set of said through-bores in said elongated stakes are spaced approximately two inches apart.
 5. The retention apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each set of said through-bores in said elongated stakes may range in diameter from approximately ⅛ inch to approximately 3/16 inch.
 6. The retention apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said elongated stakes are approximately ¾ inch in diameter.
 7. The retention apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one end of each said elongated stake is formed in a truncated conical configuration to form a head larger in diameter than the stake and the opposite end of the stake is formed in a conical configuration the apex of which forms the pointed end of the elongated stake.
 8. The retention apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said nails that extend through said first and second sets of through-bores in said elongated stakes are gauged in diameter to slidably fit snugly in the associated through-bores.
 9. The retention apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said means extending transversely across and above said form members and detachably engaged at opposite ends to said projecting end portions of said nails that extend parallel to said form members comprises a generally flat elongated plate ranging in width from approximately 1½ inches to 2 inches and having at each opposite end a pair of perpendicularly extending laterally spaced anchor members adapted to detachably engage the projecting end portions of said nails that extend parallel to said form members.
 10. The retention apparatus according to claim 9, wherein each said pair of anchor members is integrally connected to said generally flat elongated plate and are spaced apart at least the diameter of the associated elongated stake.
 11. The retention apparatus according to claim 9, wherein each said pair of anchor members is integrally connected to said generally flat elongated plate by integral reentrant portions that wrap partially about said projecting end portions of said nail slidably supported in said associated elongated stake whereby to prevent inadvertent detachment of said flat elongated plate from said associated elongated stake.
 12. The retention apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said generally flat elongated plate is formed in two parts with proximate end portions of the two parts overlapping intermediate the opposite distal ends of the elongated plate, aligned bores formed in said proximate end portions spaced apart longitudinally, and a nut and bolt assembly projecting through at least one of said aligned bores to retain the elongated plate at a selected length.
 13. The retention apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the confronting surfaces of said proximate end portions are provided with interengaging grooves and ribs to retain the elongated plate at a selected length.
 14. As an article of manufacture: a) a force retention plate for use to prevent spreading of form members containing wet concrete, said force retention plate comprising a generally flat elongated plate having at each opposite end a pair of perpendicularly extending laterally spaced anchor members adapted to be detachably engaged to a stake abutting the associated form members; b) wherein said anchor members are integrally connected to said generally flat elongated plate; c) wherein each said pair of anchor members is integrally connected to said generally flat elongated plate by integral reentrant portions that provide arcuate recesses detachably engageable to stabilize the position of said generally flat elongated plate; and d) wherein said generally flat elongated plate is formed in two parts with proximate end portions of the two parts overlapping intermediate the opposite distal ends of the elongated plate, aligned bores formed in said proximate end portions spaced apart longitudinally, and a nut and bolt assembly projecting through at least one of said aligned bores to retain the proximate end portions of the elongated plate clamped together.
 15. The article of manufacture according to claim 14, wherein the confronting surfaces of said proximate end portions are provided with interengaging grooves and ribs to retain the elongated plate at a selected length when clamped by said nut and bolt assembly. 